Terms
Western Europe
· Battle of Tours- Battle of Tours was when the Frankish army stopped the Muslims from spreading west, led by Charles Martel
· Charles Martel- Charles Martel was the mayor of Austria. He defeated the Muslims, stopping them from going west. He unified Christianity.
· Marco Polo- Marco Polo was a venetian trader, and was one of the first westerners to travel the silk road
· Holy Roman Empire- A Germanic empire located in central Europe that began with the coronation of Charlemagne as Roman emperor in a.d. 800.
· Black death (causes and effects)- Black Death was the Bubonic plague that started in early 1330’s, the fleas in rats transmitted it. The plague caused death of more than 25 million people.
· Jerusalem – Jerusalem is the holy land for Christians, Jews, and Muslims. It was where the Night Journey to Heaven took place.
· Constantinople- The Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Empire in a.d. 476. Capital: Constantinople.
· Crusades- The crusades were a series of wars between Muslims and Christianity; there were 9 of them, first led by Pope Urban II.
· Charlemagne- Fights Muslims in Spain, becomes emperor of the Romans, and unifies Christian community.
· Feudalism - Feudalism was a political system in which powerful lords divided their land among lesser lords. In exchange they gave services and showed loyalty to them.
- Vassals- Vassals pledged 40 days of military service, money, and advice, and the Nobles gave them land.
- Serfs- Workers bound to the land, most peasants were Surfs
- Feudal Contract- A feudal contract is a contract between a powerful noble and a lesser person, A vassor and a vassal. A contract between greater and lesser, this enabled a vassal to get part of land.
- Feif- An estate or land
- Manor- Lord’s Estate
- Cottage- A cottage was a house type shelter, where peasants lived in middle ages.
- Knights- mounted warriors
- Chivalry- a code of conduct – loyal, brave and true to one’s word
- Monarch – A monarch is a government run by one person in charge, King, queen or emperor.
Byzantine
· Justinian Code- Justinian, Emperor of Byzantium, created Justinian Code- The Justinian code. The code was a book of many legal codes to make a clear system of laws, taking place in Roman law.
· Autocrat- An Autocrat is a self appointed ruler, who has powers of a dictator.
· Patriarch- The male head of a family, the wealthier ones.
· Constantinople Falls 1453- Sultan Mehmed II, ruler of the Ottoman Turks, led the assault. The city was defended by, at most, 10,000 men. The Turks had between 100,000 and 150,000 men on their side. The siege lasted for fifty days. The Turks employed various important war tactics in taking over the city. They used huge cannon to destroy the walls, warships were used to the cut the city's sea defense. They also used an extensive infantry to engulf the city.
· Great Schism- The great schism was a disagreement, a split, between Eastern and Western churches between 1053 and 1472.
Africa
· Surplus- Surplus is the amount of something left over, after requirements are met.
· Mali- Mali was a black empire in western Africa, that flourished in 1240-1500
· Mansu Musa- Mansu Musa was the king of Mali
· Timbuktu- Timbuktu was a trading point in the 11th century, and in 14th century it was conquered by Mali.
· Axum- The kingdom of Aksum was at the height of its power between 100-700 AD. The Aksumite king Ezana I (320-350 AD) assumed power when Axum, without doubt, was a strong and large empire. The king's main wealth and power came from his control of foreign trade. Axum was in Modern day Ethiopia, and was successful before and after time of Christ.
· Christianity- Christianity is most practiced religion, it is monotheistic. Christianity believes in Jesus Christ, and fallows his teachings.
· Ethiopia – Yekuno Amlak established Ethiopia, it was a powerful monarchy.
· Slave Trade- Between 1450 and 1800 was the slave trade; African Americans were used as workers for the European Empires. This expanded the European Empires.
China
· Genghis Khan- Genghis Khan was the founder of the Mongol Empire during the 13 century. He was a great ruler.
· Kublai Khan- Kublai Khan was the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and was a Mongolian Leader.
· Marco Polo- Venetian traveler.
· Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE)- The Tang Dynasty was established by Li Yuan’s army. The Tang Dynasty was free from political corruption. Economy, culture, and military flourished.
· Li Po & Du Fu- Li Po & Du Fu- were poets from the Tan Dynasty
· Sung (Song) Dynasty (909-1279 CE)- Sung Dynasty was another Golden age period after the tang Dynasty in 909-1279. It was founded by Zhao kuangyin.
· Silk Road- The Silk Road was a trading route from China to Rome. Rome carried Gold, silver and gems, which China wanted and China carried silk, spices, that Rome wanted.
· Trade- Exchanging items with other items, whether it is money, services or other products.
· Technology- Technology in China contained complex waterways, that allowed for ships to pass through allowing trade. China also had gunpowder, as well as books.
· Battle of Tours- Battle of Tours was when the Frankish army stopped the Muslims from spreading west, led by Charles Martel
· Charles Martel- Charles Martel was the mayor of Austria. He defeated the Muslims, stopping them from going west. He unified Christianity.
· Marco Polo- Marco Polo was a venetian trader, and was one of the first westerners to travel the silk road
· Holy Roman Empire- A Germanic empire located in central Europe that began with the coronation of Charlemagne as Roman emperor in a.d. 800.
· Black death (causes and effects)- Black Death was the Bubonic plague that started in early 1330’s, the fleas in rats transmitted it. The plague caused death of more than 25 million people.
· Jerusalem – Jerusalem is the holy land for Christians, Jews, and Muslims. It was where the Night Journey to Heaven took place.
· Constantinople- The Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Empire in a.d. 476. Capital: Constantinople.
· Crusades- The crusades were a series of wars between Muslims and Christianity; there were 9 of them, first led by Pope Urban II.
· Charlemagne- Fights Muslims in Spain, becomes emperor of the Romans, and unifies Christian community.
· Feudalism - Feudalism was a political system in which powerful lords divided their land among lesser lords. In exchange they gave services and showed loyalty to them.
- Vassals- Vassals pledged 40 days of military service, money, and advice, and the Nobles gave them land.
- Serfs- Workers bound to the land, most peasants were Surfs
- Feudal Contract- A feudal contract is a contract between a powerful noble and a lesser person, A vassor and a vassal. A contract between greater and lesser, this enabled a vassal to get part of land.
- Feif- An estate or land
- Manor- Lord’s Estate
- Cottage- A cottage was a house type shelter, where peasants lived in middle ages.
- Knights- mounted warriors
- Chivalry- a code of conduct – loyal, brave and true to one’s word
- Monarch – A monarch is a government run by one person in charge, King, queen or emperor.
Byzantine
· Justinian Code- Justinian, Emperor of Byzantium, created Justinian Code- The Justinian code. The code was a book of many legal codes to make a clear system of laws, taking place in Roman law.
· Autocrat- An Autocrat is a self appointed ruler, who has powers of a dictator.
· Patriarch- The male head of a family, the wealthier ones.
· Constantinople Falls 1453- Sultan Mehmed II, ruler of the Ottoman Turks, led the assault. The city was defended by, at most, 10,000 men. The Turks had between 100,000 and 150,000 men on their side. The siege lasted for fifty days. The Turks employed various important war tactics in taking over the city. They used huge cannon to destroy the walls, warships were used to the cut the city's sea defense. They also used an extensive infantry to engulf the city.
· Great Schism- The great schism was a disagreement, a split, between Eastern and Western churches between 1053 and 1472.
Africa
· Surplus- Surplus is the amount of something left over, after requirements are met.
· Mali- Mali was a black empire in western Africa, that flourished in 1240-1500
· Mansu Musa- Mansu Musa was the king of Mali
· Timbuktu- Timbuktu was a trading point in the 11th century, and in 14th century it was conquered by Mali.
· Axum- The kingdom of Aksum was at the height of its power between 100-700 AD. The Aksumite king Ezana I (320-350 AD) assumed power when Axum, without doubt, was a strong and large empire. The king's main wealth and power came from his control of foreign trade. Axum was in Modern day Ethiopia, and was successful before and after time of Christ.
· Christianity- Christianity is most practiced religion, it is monotheistic. Christianity believes in Jesus Christ, and fallows his teachings.
· Ethiopia – Yekuno Amlak established Ethiopia, it was a powerful monarchy.
· Slave Trade- Between 1450 and 1800 was the slave trade; African Americans were used as workers for the European Empires. This expanded the European Empires.
China
· Genghis Khan- Genghis Khan was the founder of the Mongol Empire during the 13 century. He was a great ruler.
· Kublai Khan- Kublai Khan was the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and was a Mongolian Leader.
· Marco Polo- Venetian traveler.
· Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE)- The Tang Dynasty was established by Li Yuan’s army. The Tang Dynasty was free from political corruption. Economy, culture, and military flourished.
· Li Po & Du Fu- Li Po & Du Fu- were poets from the Tan Dynasty
· Sung (Song) Dynasty (909-1279 CE)- Sung Dynasty was another Golden age period after the tang Dynasty in 909-1279. It was founded by Zhao kuangyin.
· Silk Road- The Silk Road was a trading route from China to Rome. Rome carried Gold, silver and gems, which China wanted and China carried silk, spices, that Rome wanted.
· Trade- Exchanging items with other items, whether it is money, services or other products.
· Technology- Technology in China contained complex waterways, that allowed for ships to pass through allowing trade. China also had gunpowder, as well as books.